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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM DC-DC BUCK CONTROLLER
Features
* * * * * * * * Synchronous PWM DC-DC Controller in an 8-Pin Package Operating with single 5V or 12V supply voltage Internal 200KHz Oscillator (400KHz for AP2014A) Soft-Start Function Fixed Frequency Voltage Mode 500mA Peak Output Drive Capability Output protected when control FET is shorted SOP-8L Pb-Free and Green (under development) packages
General Description
The AP2014 PWM DC-DC controller IC is designed to provide a low cost synchronous Buck regulator for on-board DC to DC converter applications. With the migration of today's ASIC products requiring low supply voltages such as 1.8V and lower, together with currents in excess of 3A, traditional linear regulators are simply too lossy to be used when input supply is 5V or even in some cases with 3.3V input supply. The AP2014 together with dual N-channel MOSFETs such as AF9410, provide a low cost solution for such applications. This device features an internal 200KHz oscillator (400KHz for "A" version), under-voltage lockout for both Vcc and Vc supplies, an external programmable soft-start function as well as output under-voltage detection that latches off the device when an output short is detected.
Applications
* * * * Graphic Card Hard Disk Drive DDR memory source sink Vtt application Low cost on-board DC to DC such as 5V to 3.3V, 2.5V or 1.8V
Pin Assignments
(Top View) 8 SS FB 1 Vcc 2 7 Comp AP2014/A LDrv 3 6 Vc GND 4 5 HDrv SOP-8L
DS30883 Rev. 1 - 0
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AP2014/A
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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM DC-DC BUCK CONTROLLER
Ordering Information
AP2014A X X X Frequency
Blank : 200KHz A : 400KHz
Package
SM: SOP-8L
Lead-Free Blank : Lead-Free G : Green
Packing
Blank : Tube or bulk -7/-13 : Taping
Device AP2014SM AP2014ASM
Package Packaging Code SM SM SOP-8L SOP-8L
7" Tape and Reel Quantity Part Number Suffix 3000/Tape & Reel 3000/Tape & Reel -7 -7
13" Tape and Reel Quantity Part Number Suffix 10,000/Tape & -13 Reel 10,000/Tape & -13 Reel
Pin Descriptions
Pin Name FB Vcc LDrv GND HDrv Vc Comp SS Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Description This pin is connected directly to the output of the switching regulator via resistor divider to provide feedback to the Error amplifier. This pin provides biasing for the internal blocks of the IC as well as power for the low side driver. A minimum of 1uF, high frequency capacitor must be connected from this pin to ground to provide peak drive current capability. Output driver for the synchronous power MOSFET. This pin serves as the ground pin and must be connected directly to the ground plane. A high frequency capacitor (0.1 to 1uF) must be connected from V5 and V12 pins to this pin for noise free operation. Output driver for the high side power MOSFET. This pin is connected to a voltage that must be at least 4V higher than the bus voltage of the switcher (assuming 5V threshold MOSFET) and powers the high side output driver. A minimum of 1uF, high frequency capacitor must be connected from this pin to ground to provide peak drive current capability. Compensation pin of the error amplifier. An external resistor and capacitor network is typically connected from this pin to ground to provide loop compensation. This pin provides soft-start for the switching regulator. An internal current source charges an external capacitor that is connected from this pin to ground which ramps up the output of the switching regulator, preventing it from overshooting as well as limiting the input current. The converter can be shutdown by pulling this pin below 0.5V.
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AP2014/A
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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM DC-DC BUCK CONTROLLER
Block Diagram
Vc 6 3V 20uA 0.5V FbLo Comp + POR 64uA Max 1.25V 25K Fb Comp 1 7 Vcc + 0.2V 4.0V Vc 3.5V + 0.2V 4 GND 25K Error Amp + POR
SS
8 Ct
Oscillator + Error Comp S R Q
5 HDrv 2 3 Vcc LDrv
Reset Dom
Bias Generator
3V 1.25V POR
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Symbol VCC VC TST TJ JC JA Parameter Vcc Supply Voltage Vc Supply Voltage (not rated for inductive load) Storage Temperature Range Operating Junction Temperature Range Thermal Resistance Junction to Case Thermal Resistance Junction to Ambient Range. 20 32 -65 to 150 0 to 125 90 250
o o
Unit V V
o o
C C
C/W C/W
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AP2014/A
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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM DC-DC BUCK CONTROLLER
Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply over VCC=5V, VC=12V and TA=0 to 70C. Typical values refer to TA =25C. Low duty cycle pulse testing is used which keeps junction and case temperatures equal to the ambient temperature.
Symbol Reference Voltage VFB LREG UVLO UVLO VCC UVLO VC
Parameter
Conditions AP2014 AP2014A 5 < Vcc < 12 Supply Ramping Up Supply Ramping Up FB Ramping Down (AP2014) FB Ramping Down (AP2014A) Freq=200KHz, CL=1500pF Freq=200KHz, CL=1500pF SS=0V SS=0V SS=0V SS=3V, FB=1V SS=0V, FB=1V AP2014 AP2014A CL =1500pF CL =1500pF FB=1V, Freq=200KHz FB=1.5V
Min. 1.225 0.784 4.0 3.1 0.4 0.3 10 450 170 340 1.225 50 85 0
Typ. 1.25 0.8 0.2 4.2 0.25 3.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.1 7 7 3.3 1 20 -0.1 -64 600 200 400 1.25 50 50 150 90 0
Max. 1.275 0.816 0.35 4.4 3.5 0.8 0.5 10 10 6 4.5 30 750 230 460 1.275 100 100 250 95 -
Unit V % V V V V V V V mA mA mA mA A A A mho KHz KHz V ns ns ns % %
FB Voltage FB Voltage Line Regulation UVLO Threshold - VCC UVLO Hysteresis - VCC UVLO Threshold - VC UVLO Hysteresis - VC UVLO Threshold - FB UVLO Hysteresis - FB
UVLO FB
Supply Current Operation ICC VCC Operation Supply Current Operation IC VC Operation Supply Current
ICCQ VCC Static Supply Current ICQ VC Static Supply Current Soft-Start Section SSIB Charge Current Error Amp IFB1 FB Voltage Input Bias Current IFB2 FB Voltage Input Bias Current gm Transconductance Oscillator Freq Frequency VRAMP Ramp-Amplitude Voltage Output Drivers Tr Rise Time Tf Fall Time TDB Dead Band Time TON Max Duty Cycle TOFF Min Duty Cycle
Function Description
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AP2014/A
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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM DC-DC BUCK CONTROLLER
Introduction The AP2014 is a fixed frequency, voltage mode synchronous controller and consists of a precision reference voltage, an error amplifier, an internal oscillator, a PWM comparator, 0.5A peak gate driver, soft-start and shutdown circuits (see Block Diagram). The output voltage of the synchronous converter is set and controlled by the output of the error amplifier; this is the amplified error signal from the sensed output voltage and the reference voltage. This voltage is compared to a fixed frequency linear sawtooth ramp and generates fixed frequency pulses of variable duty-cycle, which drives the two N-channel external MOSFETs.The timing of the IC is provided through an internal oscillator circuit which uses on-chip capacitor to set the oscillation frequency to 200 KHz (400 KHz for "A" version). Soft-Start The AP2014 has a programmable soft-start to control the output voltage rise and limit the current surge at the start-up. To ensure correct start-up, the soft-start sequence initiates when the VC and VCC rise above their threshold (3.3V and 4.2V respectively) and generates the Power On Reset (POR) signal. Soft-start function operates by sourcing an internal current to charge an external capacitor to about 3V. Initially, the soft-start function clamps the E/A's output of the PWM converter. As the charging voltage of the external capacitor ramps up, the PWM signals increase from zero to the point the feedback loop takes control.
The outputs are protected against the short circuit. The AP2014 protects the circuit for shorted output by sensing the output voltage (through the external resistor divider). The AP2014 shuts down the PWM signals, when the output voltage drops below 0.6V (0.4V for AP2014A). The AP2014 also protects the output from over-voltaging when the control FET is shorted. This is done by turning on the sync FET with the maximum duty cycle. Under-Voltage Lockout The under-voltage lockout circuit assures that the MOSFET driver outputs remain in the off state whenever the supply voltage drops below set parameters. Lockout occurs if VC and VCC fall below 3.3V and 4.2V respectively. Normal operation resumes once VC and VCC rise above the set values.
IC Quiescent Power Dissipation Power dissipation for PWM DC-DC controller IC is a function of applied voltage, gate driver loads and switching frequency. The IC's maximum power dissipation occurs when the IC operating with single 12V supply voltage (Vcc=12V and Vc24V) at 400KHz switching frequency and maximum gate loads. Page 8 show voltage vs. current, when the gate drivers loaded with 1500pF capacitors. The IC's power dissipation results to an excessive temperature rise. This should be considered when using AP2014A for such application.
Typical Application Circuit
DS30883 Rev. 1 - 0
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AP2014/A
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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM DC-DC BUCK CONTROLLER
(1)
VIN=5V Vc=12V C8 470u C11 0.1u
C3 1u R3 8.2
1 2 3 4
C4 0.1u
U1 8 FB SS Vcc Comp 7 Vc 6 LDrv GND HDrv 5 C6 AP2014 10nF
R1 820
C5 0.47u
Q1 AF9410N L1 5.6u/9.0 Q2 AF9410N
R2 3.3K Vout +1.5V/7.0A
C12 470u
C13 470u
C17 0.1u
R6 22k
C20 100p
(2)
VIN=12V D2 1N4148
D1
C1 0.1uF
C8 470u
C11 0.1u
1N4148
R3 8.2
C4 0.1u U1 1 SS 2 FB Comp Vcc 3 LDrv Vc 4 GND HDrv AP2014
R1 820
C3 100u
8 7 6 5 C6 10nF
Q1 AF9410N L1 5.6u/9A
R2 3.3K Vout +1.5V/7.0A
C5 0.47u
Q2 AF9410N R6 6.8k C20 100p Option
C12 470u
C13 470u
C17 0.1u
Single Supply 12V Input
Typical Application Circuit (Continued)
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SYNCHRONOUS PWM DC-DC BUCK CONTROLLER
(3)
VIN=12V D2 1N4148 D1 1N4148
C1 0.1uF
C8 470u
C11 0.1u
R3 8.2 1 2 3 4
C4 0.1u U1 FB SS Vcc Comp Vc LDrv GND HDrv AP2014
R1 10K
C3 100u
8 7 6 5 C6 10nF
Q1 AF4910N-1 L1 10uH/6A
R2 3K Vout +5V/5.0A
C5 0.47u
Q2 AF4910N-2 R6 39k C20 100p
C13 470u
C17 0.1u
Single Supply 12V Input (4)
VIN=24V RZD 1.2K D1 1N4148 C1 0.1uF C8 470u C11 0.1u
D2 1N4148 R3 8.2
C4 0.1u U1 1 SS 2 FB Comp Vcc 3 LDrv Vc 4 GND HDrv AP2014
R1 10K
R3 8.2 ZD 6.2V C3 100u C5 0.47u
8 7 6 5 C6 10nF
Q1-1 AF4928N-1 L1 10uH/6A
R2 3.3K Vout +5V/4.0A
Q1-2 AF4928N-2 R6 47k C20 100p
C13 470u
C17 0.1u
IZD(15mA)=(VIN-VD2-VZD)/RZD Single Supply 24V Input
Typical Application Circuit (Continued)
DS30883 Rev. 1 - 0
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SYNCHRONOUS PWM DC-DC BUCK CONTROLLER
(5) Dual Supply, 5V Bus and 12V Bias Input
5V 12V C1 0.1uF Vcc Vc HDrv Q1 AF9410 Q2 AF9410 L2 10uH + C6 220uF C1 1uF + C3 100uF L1 1uH + C4 47uF
AP1187
+
1.8V/1A C5 47uF 2.5V/2A
AP2014
C8 10nF R1 3.3K Comp LDrv
Fb SS C7 0.1uF GND R2 1K
R3 1K
C9 0.1uF Vcc Vc HDrv
C10 1uF Q3 AF9410 Q4 AF9410
+
C11
L3 10uH 3.3V/1.8A + C12 220uF R6 1.65K
AP2014
C14 10nF R4 3.3K Comp LDrv
Fb SS GND C13 0.1uF R5 1K
Dual Supply, 5V Bus and 12V Bias Input
Typical Performance Characteristics
DS30883 Rev. 1 - 0
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SYNCHRONOUS PWM DC-DC BUCK CONTROLLER
Load Regulation
2.0% 1.8%
Load Regulation (%)
1.6% 1.4% 1.2% 1.0% 0.8% 0.6% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0 0.5 1.0 3.0 5.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 15.0
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
Efficiency vs. Iout
Efficiency (%)
0.0 0.5 1.0 3.0 5.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 15.0
Iout(A)
Iout(A)
1.260
Line Regulation
2.530
Line Regulation
Output Voltage (V)
Feedback Voltage (V)
1.255
2.525 2.520 2.515 2.510 2.505 2.500
1.250 1.245 1.240 4.5 5.0 7.0
Vin(V)
9.0
11.0 12.0 15.0
4.5
5.0 7.0
9.0 11.0 12.0 15.0
Vin(V)
210.0 Frequency (KHz) 205.0 200.0 195.0 190.0 185.0 180.0 175.0 4.5
Frequency v.s. Vin
Frequency v.s. Temperature
240.0 230.0 220.0 210.0 200.0 190.0 180.0 170.0 160.0 150.0
5.0
7.0
9.0 11.0 12.0 15.0
Frequency (KHz)
-40
-20
Vin(V)
Temperature (oC)
0
25
50
75
100 125
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
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SYNCHRONOUS PWM DC-DC BUCK CONTROLLER
Icc and Iccq vs. Vin
16.00 15.00 14.00 13.00 11.00 9.00 7.00 5.00 3.00 4.5 5 7 Icc(mA) Iccq(mA)
Ic and Icq vs. Vin
Icc and Iccq (mA)
Ic and Icq (mA)
12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 4.5 5 7 9 11 12 15 Ic(mA) Icq(mA)
Vin(V)
9
11
12
15
Vin(V)
10.0 9.5 9.0
Icc and Ic vs. Temperature
1.30 Icc(mA) Ic(mA) 1.28 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.20 -40
Vfb vs. Temperature
Icc and Ic (mA)
8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 -40 -20 0 25 50 75 100 125
Feedback Voltage (V)
Temperature ( C)
o
-20
0
25
50
Temperature ( C)
o
75
100 125
AP2014A Ic and Icc vs Vc
21.0 19.0 17.0 15.0 13.0 11.0 9.0 7.0 5.0 3.0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Ic(mA) Icc(mA) 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 6
AP2014 Ic and Icc vs Vc
Ic(mA) Icc(mA)
Vc(V)
8
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Vc(V)
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
DS30883 Rev. 1 - 0
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SYNCHRONOUS PWM DC-DC BUCK CONTROLLER
Vout Ripple Vcc=5V; Vc=12V; Vout=2.5V Iout=0.5A, Vripple=30.8mV Vout Ripple Vcc=5V; Vc=12V; Vout=2.5V Iout=5A, Vripple=33.2mV
Dead time v.s. Iout Vcc=5V, Vc=12V, Vout=2.5V, Iout=0.5A, Temp=28oC Dead time = 150ns Dead time = 150ns
Phase Highside GATE
Lowside GATE
Dead time v.s. Iout Vcc=5V, Vc=12V, Vout=2.5V, Iout=5A , Temp=28oC Dead time = 160ns Dead time = 150ns Phase
Highside GATE
Lowside GATE
Marking Information
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SYNCHRONOUS PWM DC-DC BUCK CONTROLLER
(1) SOP-8L
(Top view)
Logo Part Number
AP2014(A) Y WW X
Blank : Lead Free G : Green WW: Nth week Y: Year
Marking Code Table
Device
AP2014 AP2014A
Package
SOP-8L SOP-8L
Marking Code
AP2014 AP2014A
Date Code
YWW YWW
Date Code Key
Year Code
2006 T
2007 U
2008 V
2009 W
2010 X
2011 Y
2012 Z
2013 A
2014 B
2015 C
2016 D
2017 E
Package Information (All Dimensions in mm)
Package Type: SOP-8L
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SYNCHRONOUS PWM DC-DC BUCK CONTROLLER
8X .06
8X 2.2 8 5 5.90/6.10 Typ 6.00 1 4 6X 1.27 RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
9
5.2
(A ll
0.30/0.50 Typ 0.40
sid e)
4 3
3.80/3.90 Typ 3.85 7 0.35
45
1.40/1.50 Typ 1.45
R 1 0.
0.60/0.70 Typ 0.65 0.15/0.25 Typ 0.20
0. 60 /0 Typ 0 .80 . 70
1.27
0.08/0.25 Typ 0.15 4.85/4.95 Typ 4.90
3.85/3.95 Typ 3.90
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